Remote sensing for wetland classification: a comprehensive review     

Sahel Mahdavi  Bahram Salehi  Jean Granger  Meisam Amani  Brian Brisco  Weimin Huang 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2018,55(5):623-658

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Observational Subseasonal Variability of the PM_2.5 Concentration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area during the January 2021 Sudden Stratospheric Warming     

Qian LU  Jian RAO  Chunhua SHI  Dong GUO  Ji WANG  Zhuoqi LIANG  Tian WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(10):1623-1636

It is still not well understood if subseasonal variability of the local PM_2.5 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is affected by the stratospheric state. Using PM_2.5 observations and the ERA5 reanalysis, the evolution of the air quality in BTH during the January 2021 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is explored. The subseasonal variability of the PM_2.5 concentration after the SSW onset is evidently enhanced. Stratospheric circumpolar easterly anomalies lasted for 53 days during the January–February 2021 SSW with two evident stratospheric pulses arriving at the ground. During the tropospheric wave weakening period and the intermittent period of dormant stratospheric pulses, the East Asian winter monsoon weakened, anomalous temperature inversion developed in the lower troposphere, anomalous surface southerlies prevailed, atmospheric moisture increased, and the boundary layer top height lowered, all of which favor the accumulation of pollutant particulates, leading to two periods of pollution processes in the BTH region. In the phase of strengthened East Asian winter monsoon around the very beginning of the SSW and another two periods when stratospheric pulses had reached the near surface, opposite-signed circulation patterns and meteorological conditions were observed, which helped to dilute and diffuse air pollutants in the BTH region. As a result, the air quality was excellent during the two periods when the stratospheric pulse had reached the near surface. The increased subseasonal variation of the regional pollutant particulates after the SSW onset highlights the important role of the stratosphere in the regional environment and provides implications for the environmental prediction.  相似文献   

Adaptive capacity within tropical marine protected areas – Differences between men- and women-headed households     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

Households within tropical coastal communities face a multitude of stressors related to environmental, social and economic change. To minimise negative impacts on households, a priority is to understand and if possible build adaptive capacity to enable adjustment to both extant, and anticipated stressors. Adaptive capacity may not be equally distributed across households due to social differences and inequalities, including gender. In this study we sought to understand whether the factors underlying adaptive capacity differ between men- and women-headed households across three marine protected areas (MPAs) in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Adaptive capacity was significantly higher in men-headed households compared to women-headed households between different MPAs as a whole, however significant differences were not found for men and women-headed households within the MPAs. The factors underlying adaptive capacity were investigated through boosted regression trees, a relatively novel approach within the field, and found to be similar between men and women counterparts. These factors were agency, material conditions, low ecosystem dependence, education, occupational multiplicity and needs satisfaction (i.e. a poverty indicator) which was singularly important in women-headed households. While the factors themselves were similar in men and women–headed households, gendered differences were found regarding differing levels in the identified factors. Accordingly, the processes that underly the differences found should be addressed within initiatives seeking to understand and build adaptive capacity.  相似文献   

重力方法在祁连山地区构造特征与岩体解释中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

路利春  姜鸿  吴荣高  张佩  张冲  李陇锋 《中国地质调查》2018,5(3):95-103

依据地质、航磁等资料,结合实测岩石物性资料,以1∶250 000重力资料为基础对祁连山地区(张掖、刚察地区)进行综合研究。研究地质构造与地球物理特征,划分了大地构造单元,探讨了隐伏与半隐伏岩体分布。该区域经多年的重力工作,勘探面积已近3万多km²,根据重力资料研究布格重力场特征并进行分区; 对地质构造单元重新划分,对主要断裂进行探讨; 圈定隐伏与半隐伏岩体,推断其空间展布特征,并对其解释。结果表明: 祁连山地区地壳密度结构横向分区、纵向分层明显,布格重力异常场的分区特征与地质构造分区特征基本一致。结合2.5D重力剖面反演印证了新的推测结果,为综合地质、地球物理找矿提供参考。  相似文献   

1961—2016年我国区域性暴雨过程的客观识别及其气候特征     

叶殿秀  王遵娅  高荣  王荣  肖潺 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(6):575-583

利用全国2287个气象观测站1961—2016年逐日降水资料,基于对暴雨区进行连续追踪的思路,采用暴雨相邻站点数和暴雨区中心距离确定了中国区域性暴雨过程的客观识别方法;根据区域性暴雨过程的平均强度、持续时间和平均范围构建了区域性暴雨过程的综合强度评估模型。利用该客观方法对1961—2016年中国的区域性暴雨过程进行识别,并分析其气候和气候变化特征。结果显示：我国区域性暴雨过程年均38.5次;区域性暴雨过程一年各月均可出现,但主要出现在4—9月,其中7、8月发生最为频繁,6月区域性暴雨过程持续时间长、范围广、综合强度强,这与长江中下游地区梅雨现象有关。一年中,区域性暴雨过程首次出现日期平均为3月6日,末次出现日期平均为11月14日;1961—2016年,我国年区域性暴雨过程首次出现日期呈明显提前、末次日期呈显著推后、暴雨期呈显著延长的变化趋势;年发生总频次呈微弱增多,较强区域性暴雨过程次数呈明显增加趋势;区域性暴雨过程的覆盖范围和综合强度均呈显著增大趋势。南方型区域暴雨过程变化趋势与全国的基本一致;北方型首次日期呈提前、末次日期呈推后趋势,发生频次有微弱减少趋势,覆盖范围、持续时间、综合强度均无明显变化趋势。  相似文献   

1617号鲇鱼台风登陆后引发不同性质暴雨的成因对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

王毅  张晓美  杨寅  曹勇  张芳华  周庆亮 《大气科学学报》2019,42(2):245-254

2016年9月28日1617号台风"鲇鱼"登陆后由台风本体环流和外围环流引发了不同性质的暴雨,这是本次秋季登陆台风暴雨预报的难点。利用常规气象观测资料以及NCEP的1°×1°再分析资料等,对不同性质暴雨的成因进行了诊断对比分析。结果表明:浙江东南部对流性降水和江西南部稳定性降水的大气层结结构具有明显的差异。中高纬度低槽距离台风较远,冷空气主要从低层入侵台风西北侧,破坏台风低层的暖心结构。台风外围中层干冷空气随东南风向浙江东南部输送,并叠加在低层暖湿气流之上,形成上冷下暖的不稳定层结,同时在对流层上层有干冷空气下沉至台风环流中下层(干侵入),导致浙江文成附近出现了局地特大暴雨。江西南部由于低层被湿冷空气占据,层结较为稳定,降水发展平缓。低空东南急流为台风外围环流暴雨提供了充足的水汽,浙江东南部地形对降水起到了增幅作用。不稳定层结及中层冷空气的输送对对流性暴雨的激发作用可以为登陆台风降水性质和强度预报提供参考依据。  相似文献   

The Extra-Area Effect in 71 Cloud Seeding Operations during Winters of 2008–14 over Jiangxi Province,East China     

Weijian WANG  Zhanyu YAO  Jianping GUO  Chao TAN  Shuo JIA  Wenhui ZHAO  Pei ZHANG  Liangshu GAO 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(3):528-539

Effects of weather modification operations on precipitation in target areas have been widely reported, but little is specifically known about the downwind (extra-area) effects in China. We estimated the extra-area effect of an operational winter (November-February) aircraft cloud-seeding project in northern Jiangxi Province in eastern China by using a revised historical target/control regression analysis method based on the precipitation data in winter. The results showed that the overall seasonal average rainfall at the downwind stations increased by 21.67%(p=0.0013). This enhancement effect was detected as far as 120 km away from the target area. Physical testing was used to compare the cloud characteristics before and after seeding on 29 November 2014. A posteriori analysis with respect to the characteristics of cloud units derived from operational weather radar data in Jiangxi was performed by tracking cloud units. Radar features in the target unit were enhanced relative to the control unit for more than two hours after the operational cloud seeding, which is indicative of the extra-area seeding effect. The findings could be used to help relieve water shortages in China.  相似文献   

面向矿产资源信息的空间关联性分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

常力恒  朱月琴  张戈一  张旋  胡博然 《岩石学报》2018,34(2):314-318

关联性分析是综合多源、多类数据,发现和挖掘数据中潜在的相关关系,提取和挖掘数据之间的关联性。该方法对于充分利用地质大数据、发现地质要素之间的共生组合规律具有重要的意义。本文首先基于数据的空间位置,将不同类型的地质空间数据建立联系,形成空间属性数据库;其次应用统计方法,对不同来源数据中的属性特征进行分析,发现热液型金矿的形成与火山作用存在明显相关性;最后基于Apriori算法提取热液型金矿的伴生矿与侵入岩的频繁项集,发现伴生矿与侵入岩酸碱性二者密切相关。因此,在今后的工作中,有望应用空间关联性的方法对地球物理、地球化学、遥感等多源地质数据开展深入的研究分析。  相似文献   

高级变质地体中多期变质事件的甄别:以东南极埃默里地区为例   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

刘晓春 《岩石学报》2018,34(4):925-939

在多期高级变质地体中确定每期变质事件的性质、时代和P-T轨迹是一项非常困难的研究工作,也是变质地质学研究领域的前沿课题。将精细的地质年代学研究与详细的构造解析和岩石学观察相结合,这是建立同位素年龄与变质事件之间有机联系的最好方法。使用这种方法来甄别东南极埃默里地区格林维尔期和泛非期高级变质事件获得了初步的成功,基本上查明了两期变质事件的影响范围、变质时代和P-T演化,但也存在许多尚未解决的科学问题。一般而言,在同一变质地体中发育两期/多期具有不同构造指向的挤压-伸展变形、保存不同类型(如顺时针和逆时针)或者不连续的P-T演化轨迹以及含有两组/多组变质年龄等可视为存在多期变质事件的标志。当前对多期高级变质作用叠加的研究中还存在两个不清楚的岩石学问题,其一是早期变质作用对晚期变质重结晶施加了什么样的影响?其二是晚期变质作用如何叠加在早期变质矿物组合之上?所以,探索多期高级变质事件的叠加机理、变质行为及控制因素仍是未来岩石学家的艰巨任务。  相似文献   

北衙金矿多期热液成矿作用识别:来自地质、岩相学、流体包裹体和H-O-S同位素证据   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王璇  杨林  邓军  李华健  于华之  董超一 《岩石学报》2018,34(5):1299-1311

北衙超大型金矿床是三江特提斯成矿域中喜山期斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床的典型代表,长期以来大量研究均围绕斑岩-矽卡岩成矿作用开展并取得了丰硕成果,然而对于北衙金矿是否存在多期热液成矿作用尚不明确。本次研究基于详细野外调查、岩相学与矿相学研究,流体包裹体显微测温及成分分析、H-O-S同位素分析等多种手段,识别了北衙金矿成矿晚期存在新一期热液成矿事件。主要证据如下:(1)野外调查发现北衙金矿发育NW向陡倾断裂控制的石英多金属硫化物脉,其切割矽卡岩矿体与矽卡岩晚期石英硫化物矿脉;(2)本次研究矿脉中原生流体包裹体类型主要为富CO_2三相水溶液包裹体、含CO_2三相水溶液包裹体及气液两相水溶液包裹体,而矽卡岩晚期硫化物脉中除上述三种类型外还发育含子晶三相水溶液包裹体;(3)成矿流体均一温度分布范围为204～426℃,盐度为1.0%～14.2%NaCleqv,整体表现为中高温、中低盐度的NaCl-CO_2-H_2O流体体系,而矽卡岩晚期硫化物脉成矿流体体系具有中温、中高盐度的特征;(4)该矿脉中石英的δ~(18)O、δD范围分别为7.5‰～9.4‰与-102.0‰～-75.0‰,指示岩浆水来源,而矽卡岩晚期硫化物脉具有岩浆水和大气水混合来源。本次研究的多金属硫化物矿脉δ~(34)S值范围为-0.97‰～1.40‰,与矽卡岩期和矽卡岩晚期硫化物脉中黄铁矿S同位素一致,表明多期矿化成矿物质均具有幔源贡献。结合北衙矿集区成岩成矿动力学背景,推测始新世大规模地壳拆沉、软流圈上涌导致的强烈的壳幔相互作用可能是北衙金矿多期成矿作用的诱因。  相似文献